Cardiovascular adverse effects associated with the use of anti-HER2 in breast cancer treatment.

Background: Cancer represents an important public health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence, and mortality, affecting the entire Western population, especially in developed and developing countries. The use of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but this treatment can cause adverse cardiovascular effects (AE). Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify and classify AE in breast cancer patients in the use of Trastuzumab in two health institutions. Methods: Retrospective study of medical records of patients with breast cancer Her 2+ submitted the therapy with trastuzumab in early and advanced stage of the disease. Review conducted in a university hospital and a private clinic, both located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Results: Cardiovascular events were late for trastuzumab, with predominance of moderate reactions. There was a predominance of dyspnea, increased blood pressure, fatigue and reduced left ventricular ejection. Conclusion: The results resemble similarities in the pattern of the institutions' reactions. Identify possible AE and know the toxicity profile of trastuzumab can contribute to a safer therapy.

Monoclonal-induced cardiotoxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and breast cancer: A retrospective study in an oncology clinic.

Monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab and rituximab, significantly contribute to the oncological therapeutic arsenal. However, they may be associated with the development of cardiotoxicity. This study collected data from clinical records of patients in the use of rituximab and trastuzumab in a private oncology clinic from 2017 to 2019. It also investigated cardiovascular adverse drug reactions and associated risk factors. Cardiotoxicity was defined as symptomatic in the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of heart failure (HF) such as dyspnea, nocturnal cough, and fatigue, among others. Asymptomatic HF was confirmed by the decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥10% of baseline or LVEF ≤50%. Among the 57 patients undergoing trastuzumab, 12 patients (21%) had cardiotoxicity and 8 patients (67%) had extreme or high-risk scores in the cardiotoxicity risk assessment algorithm. Among the 37 patients treated with rituximab, 3 patients (8%) had cardiotoxicity. The presence of previous diabetes mellitus significantly increased the risk of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (p = 0.02). However, none of the other risk factors influenced the incidence of trastuzumab- and rituximab-induced cardiotoxicity, which the sample size may explain. More studies are needed to investigate the association of risk factors with cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab and rituximab, aiming to establish strategies to prevent and manage this effect early.

Familial breast cancer, pregnancy and cardiotoxicity associated with the use of doxorubicin and reaction with trastuzumab.

INTRODUCTION: Breast Cancer (BC) is a neoplasm with the highest prevalence in women in Brazil and worldwide. Pregnancy-associated with BC is defined as that which occurs during pregnancy or within 1 to 2 years postpartum. The objective is to present a clinical case of a young patient with a history of familial BC who had cancer during pregnancy. The patient had cardiotoxicity after using doxorubicin and trastuzumab. CASE REPORT: She was a young patient within infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the right breast She was diagnosed within nine weeks of gestation and submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with AC protocol (doxorubicina and cyclophosphamide) and mastectomy. Developed left atrial overload after treatment and still responding to hypersensitivity to trastuzumab. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: The patient presented an alteration in the electrocardiogram (ECG) after the use of doxorubicin. The exam was repeated and the ECG was normal. Trastuzumab was started after delivery and the patient had a hypersensitivity reaction. Administration of trastuzumab was stopped and hydrocortisone was administered. The patient showed improvement in symptoms with cessation of trastuzumab. DISCUSSION: Although anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and hypersensitivity reactions to trastuzumab are common reactions, there are few studies on the effects of these drugs in patients with Gestational breast cancer (GBC). Monitoring cardiotoxicity in breast cancer treatment in pregnant patients is essential to avoid two complications: for the pregnant woman and the fetus.

Pesquisa de Cardiotoxicidade em Prontuário de Paciente Submetido à Quimioterapia R-CHOP: um Estudo de Caso / Research on Cardiotoxicity in Patient Chart Submitted to R-CHOP Chemotherapy: a Case Study / Investigación de Cardiotoxicidad en Prontuario de Paciente Sometido a la Quimioterapia R-CHOP: un Estudio de Caso

Introdução: A cardiotoxicidade é um dos efeitos mais significativos no tratamento oncológico. Entre as implicações mais consideráveis, destaca-se a insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção ventricular sistólica ou diastólica. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 39 anos, com linfoma não Hodgkin difuso de grandes células B, submetida à quimioterapia com rituximabe, ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina, vincristina e prednisona (R-CHOP), que apresentou cansaço aos pequenos esforços e aumento da pressão arterial. O ecocardiograma demonstrou disfunção ventricular esquerda leve com hipocinesia difusa e redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE), associadas à possível cardiomiotoxicidade da doxorrubicina. O caso foi identificado em uma pesquisa de prontuário e analisado segundo o algoritmo de Naranjo e, em seguida, foi determinada a gravidade das reações adversas cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Este estudo ressalta a importância da busca ativa de eventos cardiovasculares em prontuários de pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia cardiotóxica e do papel da farmacovigilância nesse contexto.

Introduction: Cardiotoxicity is one of the most significant effects of oncological treatment. Among the major relevant consequences, heart failure with systolic or diastolic ventricular dysfunction stands out. Case report: 39-year-old female patient with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP chemotherapy) and presented fatigue while exerting small efforts and increased blood pressure. The echocardiogram showed mild left ventricular dysfunction with diffuse hypokinesia and reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) associated with the possible cardiomyotoxicity of doxorubicin. The case was identified in a chart survey, and analyzed according to the Naranjo Algorithm, and then the severity of the adverse cardiovascular reactions was determined. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of the active search for cardiovascular events in medical charts of patients undergoing cardiotoxic chemotherapy and the role of pharmacovigilance in this context.

Introducción: La cardiotoxicidad es uno de los efectos más significativos del tratamiento oncológico. Entre los efectos más considerables, destaca la insuficiencia cardíaca con disfunción ventricular sistólica o diastólica. Relato del caso: Paciente de 39 años con linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B que se sometieron a quimioterapia con rituximab, ciclofosfamida, doxorubicina, vincristina y prednisona (R-CHOP). Pequeños esfuerzos y aumento de la presión arterial. El ecocardiograma mostró una disfunción ventricular izquierda leve con hipocinesia difusa y reducción de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) asociada con la posible cardiomioxicidad de la doxorrubicina. El caso se identificó en una encuesta gráfica y se analizó de acuerdo con el algoritmo de Naranjo, y luego se determinó la gravedad de las reacciones cardiovasculares adversas. Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la importancia de la búsqueda activa de eventos cardiovasculares en los registros médicos de pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia cardiotóxica y el papel de la farmacovigilancia en este contexto.

A Importância do Monitoramento e da Identificação Precoce de Cardiotoxicidade do Tratamento com Trastuzumabe no Câncer de Mama: Relato de Caso / The Importance of Early Monitoring and Identification of Cardiotoxicity of Trastuzumab Treatment in Breast Cancer: Case Report / La Importancia del Monitoreo y de la Identificación Temprano de la Cardiotoxicidad del Tratamiento con Trastuzumab en el Cáncer de Mama: Informe de Caso

Introdução: O câncer de mama representa a neoplasia mais frequente entre as mulheres, com elevada morbimortalidade. Com o advento de novos medicamentos, houve um aumento na sobrevida global; entretanto, o trastuzumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal utilizado no tratamento, pode promover cardiotoxicidade, que deve ser avaliada e monitorada durante o tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um relato de caso de paciente que apresentou cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso de trastuzumabe e a importância do monitoramento e da identificação precoce da cardiotoxicidade por meio do monitoramento pelo ecocardiograma (ECO). Relato do caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, 63 anos, hipertensa, obesa, com câncer de mama, apresentou cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso de trastuzumabe, com redução da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) e desenvolveu diabetes após o tratamento. A paciente fez acompanhamento regular pelo ECO durante o tratamento, tendo sido esse processo fundamental para a detecção precoce e o manejo adequado da cardiotoxicidade associada ao uso do trastuzumabe. Foi utilizado um algoritmo na determinação da causalidade. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra a importância do acompanhamento da FEVE pelo ECO em pacientes submetidas à quimioterapia cardiotóxica e do monitoramento de possíveis alterações metabólicas após o tratamento oncológico.

Introduction: Breast cancer represents the most common neoplasm among women, with elevated morbimortality. With the appearance of new drugs, there has been an increase of global survival; however, trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment, may promote cardiotoxicity that should be evaluated and monitored during treatment. The aim of this article is to describe a case report of a patient presenting trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity and the importance of monitoring and early identification of cardiotoxicity through echocardiography (ECHO). Case report: A 63-year-old female patient, hypertensive, obese, with breast cancer, presented trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), who developed diabetes after the treatment. The patient underwent regular echocardiography follow-up during treatment and this process was essential for early detection and appropriate management of trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity. An algorithm was used to determine the causality. Conclusion: This study shows the importance of LVEF follow-up with ECHO in patients undergoing cardiotoxic chemotherapy, and the monitoring of possible metabolic changes after oncologic treatment.

Introducción: El cáncer de mama representa el cáncer más común entre las mujeres, con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Con el advenimiento de nuevos medicamentos, ha habido un aumento en la supervivencia general, sin embargo, trastuzumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal utilizado en el tratamiento, puede promover la cardiotoxicidad, que debe evaluarse y monitorearse durante el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un informe de caso de un paciente que presenta cardiotoxicidad asociada con el uso de trastuzumab y la importancia del monitoreo y la identificación temprana de la cardiotoxicidad a través del monitoreo ecocardiográfico (ECHO). Relato del caso: Una paciente de 63 años, hipertensa, obesa, con cáncer de mama, tenía cardiotoxicidad asociada con trastuzumab, fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) reducida y diabetes después del tratamiento. El paciente se sometió a un seguimiento ecocardiográfico regular durante el tratamiento y fue el proceso fundamental para la detección temprana y el manejo adecuado de la cardiotoxicidad asociada con el uso de trastuzumab. Se utilizó un algoritmo para determinar la causalidad. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra la importancia del seguimiento ECHO de la FEVI en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia cardiotóxica, y el monitoreo de posibles cambios metabólicos después del tratamiento del cáncer.